Fast Food As An Common, Easy Meal - 1661 Words

How many times do you eat fast food in a given week? Is it tough choosing which fast food restaurant you want to go to? What do you order when you are sitting the McDonald’s drive thru? As a college student, with no income, writing papers and taking strenuous tests, I do not have the time or the financial resources to spend ample amounts of money going grocery shopping and cooking a heart healthy meal. A one dollar hamburger from McDonald’s is much more adventitious regarding my financial situation. This busy life style relies on fast food as an common, easy meal. In Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser associates America’s fast food dependence to the rapid escalation in the number of obese men and women: â€Å"The United States has the highest†¦show more content†¦America has become reliant on fast food as a daily meal, Palo Alto Medical Foundation explains, â€Å" 25 percent of Americans consume fast food everyday† (Ransohoff). One out of four peop le eating at a fast food restaurant on a daily basis is a major contribution to the growing number of obese men and women in America. Consuming high sodium, processed foods that these restaurants pack their products full of, rather than freshly prepared meals is a major contribution to these increasing statistics. The amount of Americans that are obese compared to Asian cultures is astonishing, 30.6% of Americans are obese, compared to 3.2% of Japanese and Koreans† (Medical News Today). The United States percentage of obese being so contrasting in comparison to other countries can be explained merely on food choices and lifestyle. One of the main inclinations that American has a higher obesity related to the fast food we eat, one source shows, â€Å"The McDonald s Chicken McNuggets in the United States have more than twice as much salt as their sister nuggets in the United Kingdom† (Shute). Excess sodium consumption has been directly linked to the increase of cardiovasc ular disease, and type two diabetes, which is usually found within obese men and women. The mere fact that we eat these foods quite often, and our fast food choices are packed with unhealthy nutrients is a defining factor of a fast food nation, which America

Eating Disorders are an Unhealthy Obsession - 1541 Words

Eating Disorders are a set of serious disorders with underlying psychiatric foundations. An eating disorder occurs when exercise, body weight and shape become an unhealthy obsession (Stein, Merrick, Latzer, 2011). People with eating disorders take physical concerns to the extremes that they take on abnormal eating habits. There are a variety of cases that lead to an eating disorder and can affect both men and women, however its prevalence primarily occur in adolescence (Ison Kent, 2010; Stein et al., 2011). The complexity and challenges that occur during adolescents predisposes teens to developing an eating disorder. The period of adolescence is one of intense change, which can bring with it a great deal of stress, confusion and anxiety (Allen, Byrne, Oddy Crosby, 2013). According to Wade, Keski-Rahkonen and Hudson (2011) 20 million women and 10 million men suffer from eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorders not o therwise specified (EDNOS). There are three main categories of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Individuals with AN loose more weight than what is considered to be healthy for their particular height, age, gender, and development (Allen et al., 2013). In BN individuals binge eat and purge to compensate for the excessive eating. Purging may include induce vomiting or intake of laxatives that lead to bowelShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders are a Mental Illness1431 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eating disorders are mental illnesses that involve an obsession with food, extremely unhealthy eating behaviors and a distorted body image. They are complicated, serious disorders. The group that eating disorders affects the most are typically girls through the ages of sixteen and twenty years old. Although teenage eating disorders are typically believed to be caused by depressi on or genetic factors, social media has worsened the problem by the huge increase in peer pressure girls endureRead MoreMedias Effect on Negative Body Image Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pagesaccording to Salma Hayek. Society should have a positive outlook on body image, rather than face a disorder that can change one’s whole life. Negative body image can result from the media, with photoshop and editing, celebrity fad diets, and society’s look at the perfect image. Negative body image can lead to dangerous eating disorders, such as bulimia and anorexia. It can also take a risk to unhealthy habits, such as smoking, alcohol, and drugs. It is important to stress the effects of body imageRead MoreThe Male Struggle with Body Image1632 Words   |  7 Pageshow a woman â€Å"should look.† What we do not realize however is that males struggle with their body image as much as females do and are often not recognized in their fight to meet the expectations of society. Males struggle with all kinds of eating and body disorders just as females do and the expectations pushed on them by the media, women, and even other guys. There is a frightening lack in treatment because guy’s hardships are ignored and even overshadowed by women’s struggles. Males also go throughRead MoreThe Male Struggle with Body Image1583 Words   |  7 Pageshow a woman â€Å"should look.† What we do not realize however is that males struggle with their body image as much as females do and are often not recognized in their fight to meet the expectations of society. Males struggle with all kinds of eating and body disorders just as females do and the expectations pushed on them by the media, women, and even other guys. There is a frightening lack of treatment because guy’s hardships are ignored and even overshadowed by women’s struggles. Males also go throughRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1240 Words   |  5 Pagesbody. The social media has created a standard of beauty that consists of the â€Å"perfect body†. Most famous people fit into this standard, so it is no shock that many teenage girls feel the pressure to be just like them. According to Mirror Mirror Eating Disorders, â€Å"If we consider society’s idea of the perfect body image for women based on the average fashion model, we would think that the perfect woman was about 5’10† and weighed only 120 pounds. However, the National Center for Health Statistics reportsRead MoreThe Media Is Responsible For The Increase Of Eating Disorders1452 Words   |  6 Pagesis not an obsession about female beauty, but an obsession about female obedience (wolf, 1991). The purpose of my research paper is to demonstrate different viewpoints on how the media plays a role in today’s era. My research will study the influence of media on eating behaviors and the significant studies regarding this topic. My paper will also cover the outcom es of media portraying unhealthy body images, weight loss ads, and the influence of the internet encouraging eating disorders. Based on theRead MoreAnorexia Nervos A Psychological And Physical Causes And Consequences Of Anorexia930 Words   |  4 Pageshorrifies you. You have become so brainwashed to believe that your body is unacceptable, that you have formed an obsession with being smaller. This is how people with eating disorders feel. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) (2016), about one-fifth of people with anorexia are related to at least one person with the disorder. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder with mainly adolescent victims. Different studies have been able to identify some of the psychological and physicalRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Eating Disorders1016 Words   |  5 Pagesclinically significant eating disorder at some time in their life (â€Å"Get The Facts on Eating Disorders,† NEDA). This is in the United States alone. I magine how many people are affected by eating disorders in the world. Even Though there is a plethora of people with eating disorders, many people don’t speak out and if they ever do it may be too late. Eating disorders can kill you and affect other factors of your health so it is important to find help. Although eating disorders are crucial, scientistsRead MoreFood Addiction1518 Words   |  7 Pagesmanipulation is the main cause for the many eating disorders and the people addicted to them. For most people eating is a satisfying experience. But for some, eating is an impulse. Men and women of all ages force themselves to eat too much or too little, and experience incredible psychological pain when they do. Body weight and image become a fixation that damages relationships and has severe health consequences. Food addiction is a disorder characterized by obsession with food, the accessibility of foodRead MoreEssay on Food Addiction in America1499 Words   |  6 Pagesmanip ulation is the main cause for the many eating disorders and the people addicted to them. For most people eating is a satisfying experience. But for some, eating is an impulse. Men and women of all ages force themselves to eat too much or too little, and experience incredible psychological pain when they do. Body weight and image become a fixation that damages relationships and has severe health consequences. Food addiction is a disorder characterized by obsession with food, the accessibility of food

Drinking and Driving Free Essays

The use of cellphone while driving Informative speech Specific purpose: to inform my audience about the risks that are involved while using their cellphone while driving and its penalties. Thesis: Using a cellphone while on the road could be risky. Organizational pattern: Topical order. We will write a custom essay sample on Drinking and Driving or any similar topic only for you Order Now INTRODUCTION: I. Attention Getter: ‘’Using a cellphone while driving, whether it is handheld or hands-free, delays drivers reactions as much as having blood alcohol concentration at the legal limit of 0. 8 percent. ’’ (University of Utah) II. Thesis: Driving while using a cellphone has its risks. III. Relevance: Why should you care? This topic relates to you because ‘’it is the number one cause of crashes for people within the ages 18-25. ’’ (University of Utah) IV. Credibility: I have conducted research for the past days. I have also had a personal experience. V. Brief review of main points: Today I will be talking about the use of cellphone while driving and the penalties this could have. TRANSITION: Let’s start by talking about what can happen if you use a cellphone while driving. BODY I. The use of cellphones while on the road. A. Distracts drivers, affects concentrations on the road. 1. ‘’In 2009, 5,474 people were killed in U. S. oadways and an estimated additional 448,000 were injured in motor vehicle crashes that were reported to have involved distracted driving. ’’ (FARS and GES) B. According to a research by the University of Utah, causes 33% of all call crashes. C. May cause injury, or even death. TRANSITION: Penalties of texting and driving . I. According to www. handsfreeinfo. com , many states implement new laws to stop cell phone use while driving with fines up to 120 dollars. You have done it, and I have done it. And even though we know these laws exist we have all continued to grab our cellphone once in a while while driving. II. Example of how five seconds without looking to the road can affect you. III. What are the penalties for DUI in Texas? According to, http://dui. drivinglaws. org/texas. php , a first offense can cost you up to $2000 dollars; a third offense can reach up to the amount of $10,000 dollars. | 1st Offense| 2d offense | 3rd Offense| Minimum Jail| 3 to 180 days| 30 days to 1 year| 2 years| Fines and Penalties| Up to $2,000 (unless a child under 15 is in car)| Up to $4,000 (unless a child under 15 is in car)| Up to $10,000| License Suspension| 90 to 365 days| 180 days to 2 years| 180 days to 2 years| IID* Required| No| Yes| Yes| TRANSITION: As I conclude my speech, I would like my audience to reflect upon the effects that cell phone use while driving have on a person’s ability to drive are dangerous, not only to the driver, but to everyone around them. CONCLUSION: I. Thesis summary: Cellphone use while driving has its risks. II. Brief review of main points: I have talked to you about how many accidents can cell phone use cause, and about the consequences and penalties. III. Tie-back audience: An accident can not only happen to you, but to any of your loved ones. IV. Closure statement: Video: ‘’This is why cell phone use while driving should be illegal. ’’ (YouTube) How to cite Drinking and Driving, Essay examples

Comparison Of Lord Of The Flies,the Lottery,the Essay Example For Students

Comparison Of Lord Of The Flies,the Lottery,the Essay Comparison Of Lord Of The Flies,the Lottery,the White Circle And the VigilanteLord of the Flies, by William Golding, The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson, The White Circle, by John Bell Clayton and The Vigilante by John Steinbeck all share the theme of mans inherent evil. Lord of the Flies takes place on an island in the Pacific ocean during an atomic war, and there is no adult supervision. The Lottery takes place in a small farming community in the present day. The White Circle is set in the turn of the century Virginia on a Large farm. The Vigilante takes place down south in a town with strong racist beliefs. Jack from Lord of the Flies is an insecure boy who leads a group of savages through injustice and violence. The Townspeople in The Lottery are focused as a group to keep up the traditions of their town, that include an annual stoning of a random person(Tess). Tucker, a normal boy in The White Circle is driven into violence after consistent torment from his neighbor Anvil. Mike in T he Vigilante is a mild mannered southern white with racist beliefs that are carried out on a black man. Ralph who is against Jack in Lord of the Flies is being over-run by Jacks violence and bloodlust, until an officer rescues the group to find out that the boys arent playing and have reached the end of their innocence. The towns people gather annually to choose through a lottery the victim of a violent stoning for the harvest, when a prominent citizen Tess is chosen she tries to over turn the verdict, she is killed. Tucker is the son of a wealthy farmer and is under constant torment by his neighbor Anvil, he cracks and attempts to kill Anvil in a brutal attack with hay forks, Anvil avoids death and realizes Tuckers deep rooted evil. Mike along with the men of his village decide to take the law into their own hands against a black man, they beat and kill him then hang him from a tree. Mike realizes later how satisfied he is from this act. These violent plots all have a very importan t effect on the theme of these four stories. The four stories illustrate mans inherent evil through characters, setting and actions. The characters Jack of Lord of the Flies, the Townspeople in The Lottery, Tucker from The White Circle, and Mike from The Vigilante show the inherent evil of man when they commit vicious actions against others out of impulse or tradition. For instance when Jack kills Simon in a spontaneous rage for mistaking him for the beast who is a concoction of the boys imagination (Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood P.138).In particular the evil of the character is also present in the towns people when they brutally stone Tess out of tradition. ( It isnt fair she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head.P.301). To further illustrate the characters evil Tucker shows his transition into a dangerous killer after constant torment. (I was lying there with a towering homicidal detestation, planning to kill Anvil.P.34). Also when Mike lynches the black man he is now getting a positive feeling from his crime. (Makes you feel kind of cut off and tired, but kind of satisfied tooP.140). T he inherent evil of man and society portrayed through the characters are present in these examples and shows how evil isnt always visible. The setting influences the inherent evil of man because it set the mood for the characters behaviors. The unsupervised island played a major role in the decay of civilization and the return to primitiveness. (This is an island. At least I think its an island. Perhaps there arent any grownups anywhere. P.7). For the Townspeople the time of year for the lottery is an uneasy time where a great deal of suspense builds up all around them. (the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them.P.291). All tucker needed to end his torture from Anvil was a weapon and an excuse, the forks represented his way out. (the forks had vicious sharp prongs that had never descended the floor except one occasion P.37). Sometimes it takes a crowd of people to bring out the inherent evil of man in the case of Mike. (a crowd of people still stood under the elm trees, vaguely lighted by a blue street light two blocks away.P.133). The setting provides the mood and sometimes even the means to carry out the cha racters evil behavior. .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf , .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf .postImageUrl , .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf , .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf:hover , .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf:visited , .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf:active { border:0!important; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf:active , .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud7f5714d62b857d9591e8d1a4994c8bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Contender EssayThe violent actions taken by the characters illustrate mans inherent evil.(The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow chin to knee P.164)The act of the kill in The Lottery is very disturbing the way they use large stones to kill Tess. (Mrs. Delacroix selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands.Come on, she said. Hurry up .P.301). When Tucker chose to kill Anvil he decided to use large forks that would rip him in half. (the forks whizzing decent was accompanied by that peculiar ripping noise.P.38). Mike along with the villagers in The Vigilante first dehumanized the black man and then beat him which was very cruel. (he got up, and then somebody else socked him and he went over and hit his head on the cement floor.P.137). The manner in which the characters commit the violent actions helps show the evil of man. In the end of each story the main character(s) who has shown the trait of evil has either succeeded in their goal or realized the error of their ways. In the end of Lord of the Flies Jack is broken down to tears as he realizes the mistakes he has made. At the end of The Lottery the Townspeople have once again saved the harvest from some unknown force by slaughtering a member of the community. In the end of The White Circle Tucker doesnt kill Anvil but learns an important lesson about perspective. Finally in the last scene of The Vigilante Mike realizes just how much he liked killing the black man. The theme of mans inherent evil is carried out throughout society today where people commit acts such as the lynching of blacks due to a deep hate or the killing of a loved one, where at the time seems to be the only answer. English

Violence in Society free essay sample

A discussion on the increase of violence in society today, the causes (television, movies) and possible solutions. This paper introduces and discusses the concept of violence in society, and its causes. Specifically, it discusses the contribution of violence on television and in the movies to violence in society, and the ways families can create a safe, violence free environment for their children. Violence in American society has taken a dramatic increase in recent years. Acts of road rage, air rage, and sports rage are much more common today than they were even ten years ago. Worse, these violent and aggressive acts often take the lives of others, simply over an act of rage or anger that could have been avoided. Why is America such a violent and angry society? Many researchers believe that some of the responsibility for the problem lies with the television and motion picture industries, whose license to create increasingly violent content no longer seems to be questioned. We will write a custom essay sample on Violence in Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Does violence on television and in the movies really cause more violence in society? If so, what can individuals and society do about it? Many have attempted to answer these questions, but the problem clearly still exists.

Dogma essays

Dogma essays According to the Catholic encyclopedia Dogma signifies an opinion or that which seems true to a person; sometimes, the philosophical doctrines or tents and especially the distinct philosophical doctrines. The main character of the movie is Bethany whom is a catholic that doesnt enjoy attending church and is questioning her faith, which she apparently lost when she was a young child. She is portrayed as the Hero in the movie. As the movie goes on we learn that she is a distant blood relative of God. At the beginning of the movie she is visited by Metatron, which is the voice of God. He claims he is in the highest choir of Angels, after coming into Bethanys room in a cloud of flames as he tells her about the prophets she is going to meet. In Dogma Metatron is what seems to be a Herald for he is the announcer of the events to take place. As Bethany continues on her voyage she meets two prophets, who do not fit the description of any biblical figures for they talk about sex, smoke drugs and use vulgar language. The journey that Bethany takes is one to New Jersey hoping to follow Metatrons instructions to stop two rebellious angels from entering a church which would then allow them back into heave. She then meets Rufus the movies fictional thirteenth apostle. Rufus is portrayed as a mentor in the movie Dogma. Rufus leads Bethany on her journey and although his features are not old which is commonly seen in a mentor he speaks wisely in the manor of faith and morals. Cardinal Glick can be considered the threshold guardian for they have to try and get him to stop the rededication ceremony of the church. There are many themes we see throughout the course of the movie Dogma. The movie is based on Religion-vs-Faith. In this I mean that it is question what is religion and the meaning of faith. We are consistently reminded in the movie that there has been a fall from good to evil. This i...

Terrorism and Fundamentalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Terrorism and Fundamentalism - Assignment Example As religious fundamentalism continues to affect the modern urban terrorism in America, it may mean that the religious groups will have to convert their faith and pledged their allegiance to a central religious leader. Again, a perfect demonstration of this is the Middle Eastern terrorist groups which are fueled by religious faith and religious fundamentalism (Pedahzur, & Weinberg, 2009). Once the terrorist's groups are minced with religious fundamentalism, the cause of war and terrorism will change for these groups because they will now be dealing with a different calling. Religious fundamentalism leads to a following by people who may not even comprehend what they are standing for and, therefore, it is likely to increase the enrolment in these groups and make it harder for security agencies to curb these terrorist groups. To begin with, religion is always shrouded in mystery and in most cases dogma. As religious fundamentalism comes into the picture, religious dogma will play a cruc ial role in try to ensure that the followers are well contained, and they can keep their lives at risk to fight for because they do not even understand (Reed, p.45). Religious fundamentalism as a medium for terror groups has more power, and as the urban model gets enshrouded by this fundamentalism, it will be easy for the groups to now come up with ways to gain strength. A good example of how religious fundamentalism can increase the strength of terror groups is the roman Christina crusades which lasted for over 400 years.... As a result, it will be necessary to understand that, although they may lack a powerful central power, need and necessity may make them to end up grouping around a common goal and, brining their resources together. This can lead to more dangerous terrorist groups in the future. It is natural for people to end up in a group of interests, and as more terror groups gather their individual powers, they may end up making one common terror group. A good example of this is what is seen in the Middle East where terror groups such as the al-Qaida are now combining forces with other smaller groups and having a common centre and shared resources thus making them stronger and harder to beat. Religious fundamentalism According to Nirmal (2009, p.25), fundamentalism refers to a deep and unquestioning commitment to a cause. Religious fundamentalism will lead to stronger groups and will also change the rules of the game for both terror groups and the security agencies such as FBI and CIA. Religious fundamentalism leads to more cohesive groups that are harder to beat especially because religious faith makes the followers of the groups more committed because they see their cause as a holy calling. As Saha (2004, p.34) says, there are numerous religious faiths in the United States and these sects and dialects are all joined by one common factor; that they all believe in an all powerful and holy deity. As religious fundamentalism continues to affect the modern urban terrorism in America, it may mean that the religious groups will have to convert their faith and pledged their allegiance to a central religious leader. Again, a perfect demonstration of this is the Middle Eastern terrorist groups which are fueled by religious faith and religious fundamentalism (Pedahzur, &

Project two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project two - Essay Example She reads out to her grandparents that she killed all the butterflies and continues by saying, â€Å"this is me and this is all the butterflies.† On the other hand, when the grandparents ask her if the teacher liked what she wrote she responds by saying that the teacher told her that butterflies are good creatures that should not be killed. Her grandfather then responds by saying, â€Å"because you see, your teacher, she buy all her cabbages from the supermarket, and that’s why.† The story of butterflies tells much about miscommunication taking place in the learning institution. It is clear that what the grandparents view as dangerous to their farm is viewed as a beautiful creature that do no need to be killed. Our experience together is what comes out clear after considering the two different settings, home and school settings. There is a definite gap created in the story of how indigenous topics or subjects are covered in school setting. Both the teacher and the grandparents hold different opinions on butterflies and the young girl writes about what she is convinced and believes in, that butterflies are bad. Differences in perspective from two different cultures shows that things are never as simple as they are thought out to be. The author of the story has clearly showed that difference in culture may determine an individual’s opinion although she does not show an acknowledgement of the same. Indigenous topics are rarely taught in schools and therefore cultural diversity is not taken into consideration. This creates a knowledge gap because students, researchers, teachers, and other people in the society are not presented with information that can help them relate various things. Conventional culture tends to act as a block that prohibits the society to have an agreement on a specific issue regarding native beliefs. Bridging the knowledge gap such as the one created in the Butterflies

Experimentation in social psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Experimentation in social psychology - Essay Example Typically, social psychology aims to explain human behavior as a resultant of the interaction of an individual's current mental state and the situational context. The ways in which individuals react in different situational context vary based on several factors. These factors include prior learning as well as genetics. This essay will examine the utility of experimentation in the field of social psychology and will focus on the cognitive social and discursive perspectives. In order to delineate the differences between the utility of experimentation in cognitive social psychology and discursive psychological perspective, it is prudent that we offer operational definitions for each discipline and delineate their use of experimentation. In the case of cognitive social psychology, there are many features that distinguish this perspective from the other perspectives. They include a strong cognitive and social-interpersonal focus as well as the belief in human agency and free will. The general goal of cognitive social psychology is to conduct empirical research with the purpose of advancing the theoretical knowledge pool as it relates to the antecedents as well as the consequences of human behavior within a social construct. This knowledge should also provide a foundation on which a true understanding of the inextricable link between behavior and the social context can be built and advanced. In general, the ultimate goal of cognitive social psychology resea rch is to impact behavioral changes by establishing an empirically-based testing ground for theoretical ideas. The experimental studies within this field typically originate with a real-life and testable phenomena such as obedience, discrimination and prejudice. One of the most the most poignant studies within the field is the obedience studies conducted by Stanley Milgram. This study is controversial in that its utilization of deception raised ethical concerns and it was responsible for the establishment of new standards with regards to the treatment of human subjects. Milgram asked each of the student participants to fulfill "teaching" duties in a learning task. The participants were commanded to carry out an authority's orders, and were led to believe they were delivering an electric shock each time the "learner" made a mistake. In the standard baseline condition, no one quit before 300 volts, and 65% of participants continued to obey the experimenter to the highest level available, 450 volts. Unlike research involving hypothetical authority situations, Milgram's behavioral studies indicated that adults from civilian groups could indeed be induced to comply with noxious demands of authority. Discursive social psychology in contrast to cognitive social psychology examines how people make sense of their world through their mutual engagement with each other. In so doing, it develops its methodology from the philosophy of language and the utility of common psychological sense in order to understand mainstream topics in both social and cognitive psychology. Essentially, discursive psychology has been utilized to explore the ways in which reality is constructed within the society. The topics of study which prove to be applicable for discursive methods include the study of memory, attribution and attitudes. Most recently discursive psycho

Climate Change On Food Security Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate Change On Food Security Environmental Sciences Essay Roughly a billion people around the world live their life in constant fear of what to eat at night or how to provide for their familys and humanitys failure to give them better improvement has been one of its most uncontrollable flaws. This research paper talks about the negative effects of climate change on food security. Long term change in the earths climate especially a change due to an increase in the average atmosphere is what we call climate change, and many people are affected by it right now all around the world. Food security is a scenario that prevails when all individuals, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to adequate, safe, and healthy meals that fits their nutritional needs and meals choices for an effective and healthy life, but the negative effect, the adverse external effect changes these situation for people. Climate change has severe significance for food production and availability of food all over the world. Trying to view the overall impac t of climate change on our food can be tough. Constant Changes in the climate change like, drought and floods could pose as a challenge for farmers and fishers. Right now climate change is already having a great influence to the quality and to the quantity of food produced causing it to increase malnourishment. The topic of climate change and food security is a very sensitive issue to touch upon since food is one of the most important parts of our daily life. Imagine a year where there is no rainfall, or a cold weather in a wrong time of year, or even floods, they all can have a great deal of impact on local crop yields and livestock production. However not everyone around us is aware of these issues, therefore this paper informs people to realize that climate change can affect every part of food production like the impact of climate change on food availability. This paper manly focuses to inform people about the changes that climate change can bring to food production and what are the consequences of not being able to produce food. Impacts on Food Production and Availability Joseph Schmidhuber and his associates examined the effect of climate change on food security all around the world. The article reviews the impact of climate change and how it has a big impact on food production and food price. Climate change is most definitely to affect the manufacture of food in several ways. The more known impact of climate change on the volume and quality of food produced is the effect of weather patterns that are constantly changing over time, in addition these changes are varied based mainly on location and the effect might be greater in different populations (Schmidhuber et al., 2007). Worldwide the weather conditions are to become more unreliable than present, with the increase in the rate and asperity of intense events such as cyclones, floods, hailstorms, and droughts. By providing greater changes in crop yield and local food resources and greater threats of landslides and erosion damage, they can adversely affect the balance of foods resources and thus food s security (Schmidhuber et al., 2007). Liliana Hisas (2011) looks at the issues by assessing and collaborating population growth, food development, nutrition and undernourishment, and connecting these factors to climatic change, to measure the effects on food development. Recuperating more area fit for farming production is unlikely. Hisass research has shown that globally the amount of area that is useful for farming will remain the same in 2080 as it is today, because increases in useful land in some regions will be mostly balance by failures in others. It is the other two elements, water and different climate conditions which would most significantly affect food development globally due to climatic changes. The expected effects of climatic change on food development are farming in low-latitude areas, due to reduced water accessibility and adverse water balances; and water resources in mid-latitude and dry low-latitude areas, due to changes in rainfall (Hisas, 2011: 16). Wulf Killmann (2008) investigates in the article paper a wider view and examines the multiple effects that global warming and climatic change could have on food systems and food security. It also explains the adverse effect of not having enough food and not being able to produce food to feed a nation. Greater temperature ranges lead to heat pressure for vegetation, improving sterility and decreasing overall development. Greater temperature ranges also increases water loss from vegetation and dirt, enhancing water supplies while decreasing water accessibility. In many locations, growing seasons are changing, environmental locations are moving, and rain fall is becoming more unforeseen and not reliable both in its time and its volume. This is leading to greater doubt and increased risks for farm owners and potentially deteriorating the value of traditional farming knowledge such as when to plant particular crops (Killmann, et al., 2008). Agriculture is important for food security in two ways, it generates the food people eat and it provides the main earnings for 36 % of the globes total employees. In the intensely booming nations of Japan and the Hawaiian, this share varies from 40 to 50 %, and in sub-Saharan Africa, two-thirds of the working population still earns a living from agriculture. If farming growth in the low-income developing nations of Japan and Africa is seriously affected by global warming, the earnings of huge numbers of the non-urban inadequate will be put at danger and their access to meals uncertainty will be increased. Effects on the food production will impact food supply at the international and regional levels. Worldwide, higher results in in moderate areas could balance out lower results in in exotic areas. However, in many low-income nations with limited financial capacity to trade and high dependency on their own development to cover food requirements, it may not be possible to balance out p roblems in regional supply without increasing dependency on food aid. Effects on all forms of farming development will impact the earnings and access to foods. Manufacturer groups that are less able to deal with climate change, such as the non-urban inadequate in developing nations, risk having their safety and wellbeing composed (Killmann, et al., 2008). To be food secure, a nation, family, or individual needs regular access to adequate food resources. The concept of food stability represents the accessibility and availability to food. Climate uncertainty is an important aspect in a constant food supply. For example, the expected improvement in rate and asperity of intense events such as flooding and droughts can create significant changes in crop and local food resources. In addition, agriculture workers and others who rely on farming earnings in a region where extreme weather activities are increasing would be at high chance of losing their income and, their ability to purchase food (Hisas, 2011: 23). It also will lower the lifestyle conditions of farm owners, fisherman and forest-dependent individuals who are already inferior and food insecure. Hunger and lack of nutrition will increase. Non-urban areas reliant on farming in a weak environment will face an immediate chance of increased crops failing and lack of livestock. Mostly a t danger are individuals living along shorelines, in floodplains, hills, dry areas, and the arctic. In general, the inadequate will be at probability of food uncertainty due to lack of resources and lack of sufficient insurance policy (Killmann, et al., 2008). Climate change will have a great effect on all aspect of food security, like food availability, food stability, and food consumption. The value of the many matter and the overall effect of climate change on food security will be different across areas and over time and, most of all, is identified by the overall position that a country has achieved as the effects of climate change has set in.

Choas Theory In Biology Essay -- essays research papers

Chaos In Biological Systems In today’s world of high-tech methods to study just about anything that exists, we are still imperfect. Scientists continue to look for ways to understand, explain, and even predict the actions and reactions of the universe. In the last two centuries, scientists have been looking in every possible place to understand the universe; from science, to math, even religion. They have turned to mathematicians and their strange theories of determinism and predictability. This search to understand the universe has spawned several new areas of science; there are now scientists devoted solely to the research of mere theories, such as chaos theorists. In the twentieth century, a new area of scientific study has been created. The goal of this new science is to turn the study of real life into a more easily understood, and more mathematical formula. This new science is called Ecology. Ecology is defined as â€Å"the science of relationships between organisms and their environments† (American Heritage Dictionary). Ecologists are, in large, generally biologists with a strong mathematical basis. This is not to say that all ecologists are also mathematicians, but the math background is a major part in the ecological studies. Scientists, by nature, have always tried to make the most complex things in the universe seem as simple as possible. â€Å"Scientists have always searched for simple rules, or laws, that govern the Universe. For example, Isaac Newton could explain how the stars appeared to move across the sky with his simple laws of motion and theory of gravitation. At the beginning of the 19th century, the famous French mathematician Pierre Simon LaPlace believed firmly in a Newtonian universe that worked on clockwork principles. He proposed that if you knew the position and velocities of all the particles in the Universe, you could predict its future for all time.† Hall 7 This new science is yet another attempt to do such a task. But, in this case, scientists have hit a few snags. In order to make a biological system into a simple, predictable formula, you must be able to count and measure every factor within that system. In ecology, however, this is nearly impossible. Because ecologists focus their studies on the relationships between organisms and their environment, everything that has an effect must be considered. This ranges from each individual ... ...nature, we can make minor judgments, never right nor wrong. The best way to truly understand and predict any system, is to truly know why it acts the way it does. One must be able to find the root of any problem that system might have, and the causes of any positive reactions also. All in all, the entire theory of using chaos to explain biological systems is pretty much a waste of time.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coveney, Peter and Roger Highfield. Frontiers of Complexity. Fawcett Columbine: New York, 1995.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hatch, John P. â€Å"Biofeedback.† Encyclopedia of Human Biology. Academic Press: New York, 1997.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dupre, John. The Disorder of Things. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1993.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Norton, W.W. Exploring Chaos: A Guide to the New Science of Disorder. 1991. (Used in Freshmen Seminar packet, that is hall the information you provide.)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gleick, James. Chaos: Making A New Science. 1987. (Used in Freshmen Seminar packet, that is hall the information you provide.)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clarke, George L. Elements Of Ecology. Wiley & Sons, New York: 1954.

Punishment: Forms and Functions Essay

In a contemporary society where crime takes place we expect the state authority to dispense justice in the form of punishment to maintain social solidarity. There are many forms of punishment that can be given to an offender, each with their own functions for the offender and society itself. Imprisonment is one of the most widely used forms of punishments globally, the ideology of imprisonment globally tends to remain the same. There are several functions of imprisonment and whether it is an effective method of punishment is widely argued by sociologist. To remove the offender from society, as to keep society safe is one function that stands out, by putting the offender in a high security environment you take away their freedom to commit offences towards the public again. However it could be argued that prison is deemed an unsafe environment for the offender itself as an institution, for many it’s an environment where they have to adapt to survive, in which case becoming a bre eding more criminals as a result of this or producing victims. Alternative punishment such as house arrest or probation would be more suitable in the face of the offender’s personal safety, whereby they are still paying for the crimes they have committed, with limitations on their freedom, however they are much safer. Statistics show that 50% of offenders that are released from prison are likely to reoffend within 3 years, which is the same rate as those who are given these alternative punishment. With 3% of the American population in prison and a large majority of those likely to reoffend within 3 year of release, they should be looking for alternative approaches to prison that takes into account the safety of the offender. However it could be argued that prison is there to be tough and that the people in there are criminals and should be treated as such. An alternative approach to prison that has be found to be particularly successful across America in reducing the number of young people entering prison and reducing the reoffending rate s are correctional facilities, which implements army regimes, with an aim to instil discipline, self-control and work ethic into juveniles. This form of punishment works based on the idea of giving young people who have committed the change to go through a programme or carry on with their sentence. This form of punishment works based on the idea of deterrence as mentioned in item B, which in the case of this form of punishment where it is heavily applied it is successful proven by the low rates of reoffending after graduation from correctional  facilities. However it can be argued it’s difficult to prove the effectiveness of deterrence, because only the offenders who weren’t deterred by possible consequences of the actions will come to face the enforcement of the punishment, therefore it does not tell us why others do not offend. Making punishments based on deterrence is based on a key concept that offenders choose to obey or disobey the law having calculated the possible gains and consequences of their actions. It could be argued that all forms of punishment are based on deterrence, we have punishment to deter the public from committing crimes, and it forces society to conform. Over the many centuries that there have been prison systems there have been changes in the way offenders have been treated, one concept that is present in today’s prison system is the idea of rehabilitation, this is aiming to reform the offender to give them the support and skills they needs to be able to go back into society once they have served their sentence, and in turn stop them reoffending. This as a function of punishment is generally very positive, it’s helping the offender, their still contained in a high security environment away from the public however for many offenders they tend to be uneducated or lack vocational skills which has left them unsupported previously, with rehabilitation they’re able to gain these skills so they can go out and get jobs, meaning they’re less likely to lead criminal lives when they’re released from prison. However Rothman 1973 rejects the idea of rehabilitating offenders, he believes that due to the environment they’re in with officers holding huge amounts of power over them, they’re left with little free will and are forced into these programmes. However it’s often found that many offenders, especially women and ethnic minorities, take well the programmes having been discriminated against in education and in the work place so having had less opportunism before prison. 30 mins When assessing the functions and forms of punishment one key aspect I think is important to take into consideration is the role of the crime itself and how that plays out in punishment. Imprisonment, can be a harsh environment, however can be an opportunity for offenders to reflect on the crime they’ve committed and who they’ve committed it against. Restorative justice also gives offender this opportunity to reflect on the harm they’ve caused  through programmes such as victim offender medication, which studies show has a high satisfaction rate for those involved, high victim participant rates, meaning a large proportion of victims who can will take up the opportunity to talk to the victim of their crime, and importantly reduced criminal behaviour by offenders (cumbhert 1994). However a major criticism of victim offender mediation is that it’s difficult in terms of victims of brutal crimes such rape of with relatives of murder victims. Item B refers to t he use of execution as a form of punishment, whereby countries such as the USA still enforce the death penalty, the UK uses the alternative of life imprisonment for brutal crimes such as murder or rape of a minor. Deterrence is a prominent concept when discussing death penalty, the idea is that if you take a life where the death penalty is used as a form of punishment, your life will be taken, however research from the death penalty information centre suggests that the use of capital punishment has no effect on the rate of murder case, when they compared states that used the penalty there wasn’t much difference between the number of murder cases and in some year It was higher for states with the penalty. In the UK we abandoned capital punishment and replaced it with life imprisonment, which some argue to be unfair on the victims and believe in the take a lie give a life ideology. However when you take into consideration a lifetime imprisonment and was that would actually be like, living with hundreds of criminals for a lifetime, in isolation, without many rights, it could be argued that the offender would endure more suffering, therefore the punishment is right for what they’ve done, and they’re serving the time for their crimes. Prison is a form of punishment which is a theme throughout, Foucault provides an explanation for why prison is so prominent as a form of punishment in our society. In previous years sovereign power was prominent, whereby punishment would be handled by those in power of the land, i.e. the king or queen, this would be done in a manner of cruelty and brutally aiming to punish the body for the crimes that have been committed. In our society we have moved towards disciplinary power whereby punishment is handed out by the authorities, it’s done so with an aim of disciplining the mind, making them correct their own actions. The idea of self-discipline comes into play in prisons where by prisoners are being watched by guards so act accordingly, in time they will begin to act this way without the guards being there in  case they are being watched. There are many forms of punishment and many functions of those punishments, and whether a punishment is successful depends on what the aim is and who the punishment is applied to. For example many argue that a fine is a suitable punishment for speeding and acts as a deterrent for reckless driving.

Critical Analysis of Quality Management System Essay

1. Summary During the presentation, our group developed a quality management system for a higher educational library. It covered a quality management system model, quality management principles, quality management documentations, and advantages and disadvantages of this quality management system. 2. A result of presentation session See more: how to write a good critical analysis essay A quality management system(QMS) can be defined as: ‘A set of co-ordinated activities to direct and control an organisation in order to continually improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its performance.’ (businessballs, 2000) It can be seen as consisting of all components of an organisation which are dealing with the quality of services and products. A effective quality management system not only makes an organisation more efficient or customers focused, but also it will improve all processes from production to services in the organisation. The aim of developing this quality management system is to improve the service quality of a higher education establishment. The university library has been chosen to be implemented by this new quality management system. The university library, which combine with conventional production and online system, is an important part of higher education processes. As one of university community services, it finds out a unique way to measure and assess the procedures in order to ensure the quality of services offered to users and satisfy them. This QMS is based on existing quality management systems such as ISO9001:2008. And it starts with collecting customers’ needs and organisation’s needs in order to bring useful activities, follows a specific plan and customer focused strategy to fully make a use of involved people, resources and partnerships, and works out the processes which brings customers outputs such as products and services. Also, customers will give feedback which can be performed to analyse, measure and improve the whole system. For completing those procedures, the system also involves corrective action teams, sub processes system, measurement tools and gold targets strategies to make sure the entire system will be completely operated and under control. 3. Modifications and developments of QMS During the implementing phase, the biggest weakness of this QMS could be lack of communication between involved people in the organisation. According to this situation, the process communication will be involved in this QMS model. Also, about the documentation, this session will be more specific of how system will work under this QMS. †¢ Requirement Management 1) Customer needs Library should be aware of the customer demands and ensure the requirements are achieved to match the communications. For the university, the students and teachers’ requirements should be collected during all the phases of operating the library. This is based on communicating with customer in relation to requirements of environment, products and services. Therefore, a regular investigation or survey would be essential for library to understand the current and future requirements from students and teachers. 2) Organisation needs Library should care customer needs whether they are under organisation’s control or not, and combine with the organisation needs to increase the usability. It requires a balance between customer needs and organisation needs as how the library can present an effective arrangement of usability ans feasibility, so that it would meet all the requirements that customers want, but not over design for customers down to get lost. Also, a regular investigation will be achieved with customer needs changed. †¢ Strategy & Plan 1) Strategy Strategy is based on the customer needs and expectations and defines the environment management. It sets up a baseline of QMS that how to operate a library, clarifies the purpose and scope, and specifies the significant work environment for a library. And it is always a target during implementing the library. Every component in the system corresponds to one or more strategies. When requirements are maintained, relevant strategies will be maintained as well. 2) Plan The planning of QMS is carried out to reach the customer needs and integrate the maintenances during planning and implementing under strategies. For library, it presents all the requirements which combine with the strategies and operations that should be applied into this system. When changes take place, library staffs can figure out how to modify and keep the other components still working, so that the maintenance will not impact the entire library system. †¢ Resource Management 1) Involvement of people Library should ensure full of people participate in the QMS to product requirements in order to support the strategy. And the participation in library is about training and empowering staffs, develop the knowledge and full potential of working people, team working, and a specific plan of these activities to support the strategy and plan, so that staffs can work more efficiently and offer better products and services to students and teachers. 2) Resources & Partnership Library should manage the external partnerships and internal resources to improve the QMS. For the library, external partnerships includes university that belongs to, or companies that cooperates with. Internal resources includes infrastructure such as hardware: buildings, equipments, and materials, software: technology, information, and skills. This QMS will offer an way to library staffs of working more effectively and flexibly with those resources. †¢ Process Management Library should manage and improve the processes to support the strategy and validate the outputs of processes such as products and services. That means the processes are implemented and improved in order to realise the products and services to fully satisfy the customers and increase final value of satisfaction index or profit. For library, staffs should check all the processes whether work well or not, and products and services carefully in order to increase the quality. †¢ Communication Management ‘Communication is a two-way process. As well as the need to gain support from top management and the staff during the launch of a quality management project, it is also important to enable staff to provide feedback on how to improve its operation.'(eurogeographics, 2000) In the library, it requires staffs to carry out the easiest and fastest way to communicate with the others either to find out the support or bring feedback to develop the system. †¢ Customer Satisfaction Library should measure the performance whether it meets customer needs and continually improve the efficiency of QMS in order to enhance customer satisfaction. During operating the library, the feedback of customer should be collected usually to know what should be improved of QMS, and deliver a better operation. It also requires a regular investigation and survey to realise. 4. Advantages of QMS For this modified QMS, it shows more effective and flexible for operating. Also, it maximises the working potential and efficiency of staffs and minimises the waste of operating processes. Compared to rival system: BS EN ISO9001:2008, the advantages of this system would be: †¢ This QMS is developed for the higher educational library, it will adapt overall performance for operating the library, and benefit the continuous improvement of quality of products and services. Compared to ISO9001:2008, this system will be easier to establish and realise above achievements. †¢ Depending on ISO9001:2008, it requires the staffs supply a good quality of service, but does not mention how they can achieve that. In this QMS, it requires library staffs carry out full potential to empower and develop knowledge about this QMS, and train for team working to bring a better quality of services to students and teachers. †¢ ISO9001:2008 would bring a large cost to implement in a higher educational library. For this QMS, it will not need to change so much to fit current library, so that it decrease the implementation cost, reduce time and resources wastes, and increase management efficiency to reach next level. †¢ This library QMS will satisfy requirement management better than ISO9001:2008. It collects both customer needs and organisation needs and combines these two requirements in order to deliver a better performance not only for customers, but also for involved staffs and university. This process would obviously increase customer satisfaction. 5. Disadvantages of QMS However, the limitation of this QMS is developed for the higher educational library only. It will not fit for large commercial organisations. On the other hand, every QMS requires to improve continuously with the passing of time. It will increase the wastes of cost and time in any way. 6. Conclusion Quality management system provides a management framework and principles that library can fully control the system to deliver better products and services. Although a quality management system will bring such disadvantages to organisation, it is still an effective measure tool because of advantages being more than disadvantages. 7. Reference †¢ BS EN ISO9001:2008(2009):†Quality management systems – Requirements†, 4 – 8 BSI Standards Publication †¢ BS EN ISO14001:2004(2009):†Environmental management systems – Requirements with guidance for use†, 4 – 8 BSI Standards Publication †¢ Eurogeographics(2000) â€Å"HANDBOOK FOR IMPLEMENTING A QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN A NATIONAL MAPPING AGENCY†[online] Available from: †¢ Businessballs(2000) â€Å"Quality Management Systems†[online] Available from:

The Regina Knight Case Essays

The Regina Knight Case Essays The Regina Knight Case Paper The Regina Knight Case Paper The legal citation of the case. Regina v [2001] NSWSC 1011 (8 november 2001) The elements of the offence. In order for a trial to be brought, the police and prosecutors might be able to prove that the elements of the particular offence are present. In this criminal case both Actus reus, Mens rea as well causation was clearly shown through the behavior of Katherine Knight. Actus reus is the term referring to ‘guilty act’ meaning any voluntary actions of omissions that constitutes to a crime, it is the physical element of an offence Her Actus reus is shown through her act of stabbing him 37 times and killing him. She also chopped off his head and cooked it with vegetables and skinned majority of his body. It is certain to say her act was intentional, malicious and evil. Mens rea refers to ‘guilty mind’ and is defined as the state of mind requiring constituting a particular crime which is the mental element of an offence. It is clear that the murder was pre-meditated. Her mens rea is shown more clearly by the comments made by the prisoner to other persons indicating intention, comments made by Mr. rice to others which indicated his fears for his life, comments of a similar kind made by the prisoner to Mr Price in the presence of others and the conduct of the prisoner in the days leading up to the murder. She threatened Mr. Price and said â€Å"You’ll never get me out of this house. I am going to kill pricey and I am going to get away with it, I’ll get away with it cause I’ll make out, I’m mad. The causation of the incidence was clear. She wanted to kil l him and she performed actus reus and his life ended on her hands. Factors that might have led to the criminal behavior. There are a few factors that may account to the behavior of Knight. It includes psychological factors, social factors, and self interest. Knight is said to have been diagnosed with the borderline personality disorder and to have suffered from a post traumatic stress disorder. Her borderline personality disorder may have contributed to the crime but is said by doctor Delaforce and lambeth that the murder was pre-meditated and her behavior highlights the malign nature of the prisoner. Dr. Delaforce also took into account that the prisoner enjoyed watching gruesome and disturbing videos entitled such as â€Å"Resurrection†. His Honour reflects â€Å"That video gave to the actions by the prisoner in relation to Mr. Price’s body a sense of â€Å"copy cat. Knight had almost performed the exact same task and scene of murder to Mr Price compared to the murder in â€Å"Resurrection†. Although nothing is 100% proven, she has said that she had been physically abused by two of her brothers when she was young and that on one occasion her father engaged in activity suggestive of some sexual connection with her. She has been in two de facto relationships and she claims that she has been sexually abused by David Kellet who was also unfaithful to her, which she results to have had a nervous breakdown. Knight says Mr. Saunders has also treated her very badly and was violent to her. Both of them explain that what she said about the sexually or physically abusing is not true and indeed that â€Å"they were the ones being assaulted by her†. Her self interest of revenge is the most major role affecting her to commit criminal behavior, her strong idea of revenge which leads to satisfaction. It is her nature to maliciously revenge anyone who crosses her and she believes that, that is what they deserve. The problem is not that she did not know it was wrong to do such thing, but that she did not care about doing them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The interview by Dr. Lambeth came to a similar conclusion of the prisoner’s interest and enjoyment in violence. Reporting and investigation of the crime. Citizens must play a major role in the criminal justice system by reporting crime. In the morning of Mr. prices death, around the 1st of March 2001, Police were called by next door neighbor Mr who was suspicious of Mr. Price as Mr. Price mentioned earlier to him Knight may kill him anytime soon. By reporting the police, action was able to be taken much faster by professional police and there was less time to get rid of evidence of killing for Knight. Police had found Mr. Price’s body to have been stabbed at least 37 times in various parts of his body back and front. His blood was found splattered and smeared throughout various parts of the house and in a pool. The police found the blood not fully congealed and had only dried at edges, of the 1st of March in 2000. An examination of the blood stains, their differing characteristics and pattern of occurrence in various parts of the house, establish that Mr. Price was first attacked by the prisoner in the principal bedroom of the premises at a time when he was in a recumbent posture. His body was found perfectly skinned his body and his head chopped off and boiled with vegetables. The way he was skinned was done professional and neatly and is required by a very skilled person with knife to be able to do so. Mary who has been working as a meat slicer in abattoirs for years is obviously a huge suspect. However Knight claims that she has no idea or recollection of Mr. Price’s death. She claims that she cannot recall anything and do not know about anything. The prisoner claims not to remember anything of the aftermath of killing. However so much evidence reveals that the murderer is Knight. The fact that the slicing of his body required a professional experienced person with the knife and the tremendous threats about the fact she was going to kill Mr. Price to Mr. Price and many others. The Plea Knight was arraigned on 2 February, 2001 on a charge of having murdered John Charles Thomas. She pleaded not guilty. The trial was initially fixed for 23 July, 2001 but was adjourned due to the illness of her counsel. She maintained her plea of not guilty and the trial was re-fixed for 15 October, 2001. After a medical assessment the prisoner was officially charged with the murder on 18 October 2001 and pleaded guilty to the charge. The court accepted her plea of guilty her conviction of murder was recorded. Factors affecting the sentence decision. The three factors that affect sentencing decision in this criminal case include aggravating, mitigating and subjective factors. Katherine Mary Knight has committed a murder which falls into the most serious category of murder and it is proven beyond reasonable doubt that the murder was premeditated. She used a sharp butcher knife to murder and stabbed him at least 37 times as well as perfectly skinning his whole body. Sometime before she murdered him she made numerous threats to him about his death. After she had murdered him, she stated that she had no recollection of the murder what so ever to the police. She tried to escape her position of crime by trying to blame everything on her mental personality disorder. She not only planned the murder but actually enjoyed the horrific acts which led to death and defilement. After the death of Mr. Price, she indicated cognition, volition, calm and skill and showed no remorse or guilt at all. There were four matters going on the mitigation of the penalty was the fact that the prisoner pleaded guilty to the charge of murder, the borderline personality disorder diagnosed in the prisoner, the absence of any prior relevant criminal record on the part of the prisoner and that the quality of mercy would not be strained were a finite sentence to be imposed on the prisoner. Although the prisoner claims to have no recollection of many events to the death of Mr Price, the horrific murder was premeditated. Even though she claims to have no recollection, her attempts to prove mitigation is regarded as nothing more than trying to block out the gruesome events caused by her. It is said by Dr. Delaforce that â€Å"she knew the nature and quality of the acts†¦was aware at that time that those acts were wrong. † Her actions were a sense of ‘pay back’ and she tried to make herself look mad. However Dr. Delaforce explained that the way she committed the murder showed the immorality of her actions which does not necessarily mean madness. The extent to which the law balances the right of victim and offender. The extent to the law which balances the rights of Knight and Mr Price seems to reasonably just. Knight committed a crime that is Knight’s life imprisonment seems pretty reasonable as she will be a significant threat to the community if she is set free and for her gruesome act of murder towards Mr Price. Knight had the right to put in an appeal, have strong qualified lawyers and to have a say. Although Knight is punished to life imprisonment, the tragedy of Mr Price and his family is not just. Mr. Price attended a chamber Magistrate at Scone Court House on 29, February 2000 and seeked an apprehended violence order and informed the chamber magistrate that he wanted to end his relationship with her to prevent her entering his life. The only problem is that he did not report it earlier and shortly after this visit, he died. Knight had the right to apply for an appeal, and although her appeal was through it was not seem reasonable and was rejected. The law succeeded in balancing the rights as it took under consideration the impact the situation had on the victim’s family. In order to be just it referred to previous cases such as (Regina v Previtera (1997) A Crime R 76; Bollen v Regina (1998) 99 A Crim R 510) and judging by precedent the penalty Judge O’Keefe J sentenced Knight was suitable. Despite the prisoner’s attempt of appeal later on, the dismissal of her appeal was also appropriate. The penalty given. The final penalty given to Katherine Mary knight is life imprisonment. Her murder fits in the most serious category of crime. The culpability of her truly requires a life sentence. A court is to impose a sentence of imprisonment for life on a person who is convicted of murder, if the court is satisfied that the level of culpability in the commission of the offence is so extreme that the community interest in retribution, punishment, community protection and deterrence can only be met through the imposition of that sentence. She also will be harmful if let out in the community, considering there is no possible alternative, no other penalty than imprisonment is appropriate. Katherine Mary Knight is sentenced for life imprisonment. Bibliography trutv. com/library/crime/notorious_murders/women/katherine_knight/4. html By Paul B. Kidd Copyright 2003, Paul B. Kidd Publications. All Rights Reserved philosophyblog. com. au/about-skinning-your-husband-and-cooking-his-head-katherine-knight-and-john-price/ November 19th 2006 03:52 ttp://www. australian-news. com. au/female_killers/Katherine_Knight. htm Copyright (c) 1998-2007 Australian News Commentary all rights reserved Anna Marshall 3 July 2006 Case: Regina v ? Knight ? [2001] NSWCS 1011 (8 November 2001) Last updated: 29 January Judgment date: 08/11/2001 Judgment of: OKeefe J Decision: Imprisonment for life. Case: ? Knight? V R [2006] NSWCCA 292 (11 September 2006) Last updated: 13/09/2006 Judgment date: 11/09/2006 Judgment of: McClellan CJ at CL Adams J La tham J Decision: Appeal Dismissed

Confucius Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Confucius - Essay Example Born in Qufu, an important city of Lu state of China, by 551 B.C. in a respectable family with military background, Confucius led a very humble, modest and pious life. (Yao, 2000) He always laid stress upon virtue, chastity, humility, benevolence and generosity, the admirable rules aptly attributed to the teachings of the Abrahamic faiths too. Confucianism vehemently maintains unflinching belief in the afterlife and the concepts of reward and punishment entirely based upon man’s activities and behavior during his life on the earth. It is therefore the religion strongly preaches the observing of the good social and moral behavior while interacting with the other members of society. Golden rule enjoys the status of pivotal point of Confucianism, as all the concepts and teachings of the faith revolve around the same. The rule emphasizes upon treating the other members of society in the same manner as one wishes to be treated by others. Moreover, one should not inflict the pain and agony to others, which he does not like for himself or cannot forbear and endure the same. The same is also applied in the exchange of presents, where an inferior or sub-standard article should not be given to the other by preserving a superior one for oneself. Similarly, Confucianism prohibits man from inflicting any type of unpleasantness upon others by applying ill intentions, as the universal laws of retaliation may reciprocate the same to the wrong-doer. Consequently, the rule lays stress upon observing of virtue, kindness, honesty and integrity towards the fellow beings, and strictly forbids adopting of the social evils like wickedness, fraud, cheating, lying, fornication, adulte ry and deceit etc at any cost, as such immoral and cruel actions not only invite difficulties and adversity in human life, but also man will have to be responsible for such misdeeds in the life Hereinafter. Confucianism concentrates upon the best and intimate relationships between the family

The board of Comvitea Ltd appears to be committed to principles of Essay

The board of Comvitea Ltd appears to be committed to principles of good corporate governance - Essay Example The company was established in the year 1970 and is situated in the Bay of Plenty in New Zealand. Comvita is learnt to be dedicated towards manufacturing innovative natural health care products (Comvita Limited and its subsidiaries, 2012). This discussion will attempt to gain a comprehension regarding the process of corporate governance in Comvita and the way the company manages and controls its governance aspect in relation to its business operations. Issue of Corporate Governance in New Zealand Corporate governance practices and guidelines in the business environment of New Zealand are provided utmost importance and strong emphasis. Effective corporate governance is considered to be quite necessary not only for companies operating in the public sector but is also deemed to be required for other corporate entities as well. There are certain attributes with regard to the economy of New Zealand (NZ) which represents a unique view in terms of the corporate governance debate. The facet of corporate governance of foreign countries is known to remain particularly concentrated in public listed companies but in NZ, majority of the business entities are learnt to basically focus on corporate governance for both public as well as private companies. ... The issues are: Ethical Conduct: This comprises the code of ethics, which a company adopts as a set of behavioral corporate guidelines Board Composition and Performance: This relates to the role of independent directors and the matter regarding a company’s certification Board Committees: It pertains to the composition of committee members within a company Reporting and Disclosure: It signifies the need of quarterly information for the purpose of certification of the financial statements Remuneration: It relates to the issues regarding fundamental pay scale reimbursement of directors and executives Risk Management: This aspect involves the disclosure of financial statements Auditors: This factor relates to the element of risk associated with the nature of objectivity prevailing between an auditor and client Shareholder Relation: This facet involves the relation between shareholder, company and public Stakeholder Interest: This entails the interest of the stakeholders Corporate Governance: Comvita The board as well as executives of Comvita is supposed to be dedicated towards the execution of the business functions ethically in order to maintain the effectual standard of corporate governance (Comvita Limited and its subsidiaries, 2012). The company i.e. Comvita constantly attempts to effectively and increasingly follow the effective practices of corporate governance for their business operations. The effective practice of guidelines recognised by the company with regard to its corporate governance related approach are the ‘New Zealand Exchange (NZX) Listing Rules’, NZX corporate governance ethical practice code and the NZ ‘Securities Commission’ Corporate Governance guidelines and practices (Comvita Limited and its subsidiaries, 2012). Principle 1: Ethical